

This particular volume is not the first attempt to produce encyclopedic resources about the Sikh tradition. Coming after the initial growth in interest about Sikhism in the twentieth century, it is therefore fitting that a stand-alone encyclopedic resource be devoted to the Sikh tradition. Encyclopedias of religion are nothing new the Encyclopedia of Islam was first published between 19 following increased interest in Islam and Muslims during the nineteenth century. However, despite this monumental shift in the body of knowledge on the Sikh tradition, there remains a dearth of reference material that would facilitate informed interdisciplinary engagement with the central aspects of Sikhism. Introductory textbooks in religious studies routinely include Sikhism as a distinct religious tradition, and recent years have seen the creation of standalone textbook introductions to Sikhism. As Sikhs were highly visible but a relatively unknown people, many early studies focused on the nature of Sikhism through two main questions: What is Sikhism? Who are the Sikhs? Almost 40 years after its international recognition as a field of study, Sikh Studies represents a rapidly growing discourse with a respectable number of scholarly publications occurring across many disciplines through books and journals on this subject. This international interest coincided with a change in immigration policies in North America that enabled many Sikhs to migrate to places like California, Michigan, and British Columbia in growing numbers. Half a decade later, the spreading international interest in Sikhism can be seen in its infancy in Sikh Studies: Comparative Perspectives on a Changing Tradition (Berkeley, 1979). For instance, one of the earliest academic journals dedicated to studying Sikhism, The Journal of Sikh Studies, began publication in February 1974. The registered company address is: Van GodewijckstrGX Dordrecht, The NetherlandsĪlthough the Sikh tradition has been practiced actively for about 550 years, sustained academic interest and study of Sikhism is a relatively recent development. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
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in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. ISBN 978-9-4 ISBN 978-9-1 (eBook) ISBN 978-9-8 (print and electronic bundle) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955802 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017 This work is subject to copyright.
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Encyclopedia of Indian Religions Series Editor: Arvind SharmaĮncyclopedia of Indian Religions Series Editor Arvind SharmaĮditor Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair Department of Asian Languages and Cultures University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
